Flying machine



G.- MANA.. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. I-H. I920 ,408, 1 1 5. Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

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l0 i 6 A /mllll WITNESSES I INVENTUR #www yf n h WMV/L Unirse stares GEORGE MATTA, 0F BRADDOCK, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLYING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters latent.

Application tiled. March 18, 1920. Serial No. 366,902.

To v@ZZ flo/710m. t may concern:

Be it known that l, Geenen Marra, a resident of Braddock, in the lcounty oli ,-"illegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Flying Machines, oit which the 'following is a specilication. l

This invention relates to flying machines. More particularly it relates to such inachine so constructed and driven as not to require any vanes, all oi the supporting means being in the tornooi driven propen lers. Another principal object of the invention is to secure a constantly resistant contact between revolving propellers and the air in which they revolve. Another object is toiconnect to propeller blades a sup- ]ilementary driving mechanism adapted to move them up and down out of their normal plane of revolution with a flapping motion, in order to break up the helix o'l-air which tends to form in the plane of rotation ot the propeller. Another object is to so "mount the propeller blades that vtheir angle oiilcon-f tact with the air may change when the free ends of the blades aremoved up and down.

' Another obje-ct is tor so mount'two `or more propellers that the air currents formed thereby blow against each otherl Referring to the drawings, Fig.Y l is a diagrammatic side elevation of my machine, showing the arrangement of propellers and supplementary driving devices; Figi is a diagrammatic pla-n' view; Fig. 3 is vertical sectional view and Fig. e is a diagram showing the change of angularity of thel propeller blades as they are pulled up and down. v

The present aeroplanes are supportedk kby broad planes, similar to the wings ofsailing bird, and their upward travel is secured by a motor driven propeller, usually situated in front of the body of the machine, and ahead of the supporting planes, which pulls in opposition to the planes.

lt is a well known principle o't areonautics that when a body is pulled through the air in opposition to an angularly disposed upwardly inclined resisting elen'ient, the body tends to rise in the air. This is clearly illus trated by the ordinary kite, which when pulled forward against the wind, readily rises in the air, carrying a considerable weight if necessary.

I propose to utilize somewhat the same principle in connection with the present invention, but to suhstitiite for the planes two propellers blowing against each other. To this end l provide a driven propeller A. at the rear oft the body B o macaine, and at the Jorward endV of the body l provide a normally horizontal shaft carrving a nropeller C, and blowing against the rear Lone, the two acting in opposite directionaand their air backlashes being opposed to each other.

Both the forward and rear propellers are mounted so that their shafts may be varied in angularity, to provide for didereut driving conditions. In order th at the angularitv of these shafts may be regulated,levers ll and 2 and leXible connections 3 and 4 are provided, respectively connected to the propellers A and C, in the manner illustrated in Fig. l. ySimilar lines and connections may be provided to regulate lateral angul larity. i

As will be seen in Fig. 3, the driving shaft of the forward propeller C is connected to a transverse shaft that is mounted with one end higher than the other. Consequently, when the propeller shaft is raised "it is also directed slightly to one side. This will give a rotative movement to the whole machine when' it is rising straight ,up`A from the ground. i

vIt is av well known principle of aeronautics thatthe ordinary `form of propeller, having as eiaaesiouowing @sch other in the sem general plane, tends to form a rhelix` or pocket of air around the propeller, when vit is driven very fast. This is much the same aslwhen a paddle is used to stir a liquid in a circular container. After la iew turns the liquid goesv round and round with the paddle rather than the paddle going through the liquid.

One ot the objects of the present invention is to break up such a helix. This is done by connecting to each blade of my propeller, at some distance from the inner ends thereof, a spring 5, connected to a connecting rod 6, which is driven as more fully described below. The spring is mounted between and around the ends of connecting rod 6, as drawn, so asto give a limited eX- tension. The inner ends of the propeller blades are mounted so as to leave them free to change in angularity and to move up and down, in and out of the normal plane of` revolution. The connecting rod 6 is connected to a blade of the propeller at one end and rate/mea net. inea.,

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at the other to a crank arm 7, mounted on driven shaft 8. The shaft 8 driven by any desired means such as pinions on its ends meshing with a driving gear mounted in any convenient manner as indicated in Fig. 2, and has a clutch connection to the motor, so that it may be drivenor not at the will of the operator. Such gearings are not a part of this invention and therefore are not described herein.

N hen the crank arrangement just referred to is operating, the propeller blades are waved, that is,dri.ven up and down out of the 'plane of normal revolution, and thus strike and break up the circular currents of air which would otherwise be formed in the path of theirrevolution.

rlhe springs 5 are attached tothe rear edge of the blades T. rl'hese sorino's are ada ted to normally hold the blade at a predeteiz.

mined angle correct for driving. But when the blade is pulled sharply down by the crank, the eXtra resistance turns the following edge of the blade up, so the angulari'ty changes, as shown in Fig. il. This breaks up the air helix. l

The spring permits the turning back of the following edge of the blade to a limited ex'- tent only, as above stated. l

It will be undersood that I may use two or four blades to each propeller. Vhere only small blades are used it is not'necessary to apply the flapping arrangement. I may use one,two, or more propellers, and may vuse my flapping arrangement with only one propeller, in order to increase the resistance of the air about the driving blades.

.When either ot the propellers 'A or C is turned slightly to one side or the other from the axis of the body, the whole machine will thereby be given a slowly rotating movement and `will go round as it goes up; This is advantageous when the machine is being raised without forward travell I have not attempted to describe fully any gearing, or steering apparatus, since such mechanism is already standardized and wellv known, and may be applied to this ap; paratusin the ordinary and usual manner.

I provide suitable clutches and control apparatus for connecting and disconnecting the flapping arrangement above described, and it will bevunderstood that I use this arrangement or not, according to the conditions under Which the machine is operated. These details of mechanism are not a part of this invention and are not shown.

Many advantages and uses of this invention above set forth will be apparent to those familiar with such machines. I do not desire to be limited to the particular apparatus' set forth, which may be varied in a number of ways to secure the same results, Without departing from the broad principles ot my invention.

I claim:

l. In a flying machine, a propeller in front adapted to pull the machine forward, a propeller behind adapted to pull the machine backward and upward, the currents of air from' the t-Wo propellers blowing against each other, andmeans to direct the forward propeller laterally so as to cause the machine to go round as it goes up.

Q. In a` flying machine a propeller blade pivotally mounted to its driving shaft, a crank arrangement adapted to pull the propeller blade up and down out of its normal plane of revolution, and a resilient connection to the rear edge of the propeller blade to permit its angu'larity to vary as it is pulled out of the said normal plane of revolution. v

3. A flying machine comprising a for Wa-rdly directed propeller, a rearwardly directed propeller, means to drive the forward propeller tov advance the machine, means to drive the rear propeller to retard the machine, means to independently' change the vertical angularity of each of the propellers, and means to change the plane of revolution of the individual blades of each of the propellers. v

In testimony7 whereof, I have hereunto set myy hand. I

Y GEORGE MATTA. Witness:

G. G. TRIEL. 

